There were recurring outbreaks over the next three centuries. Possibly starting in Ethiopia, it passed through Northern Africa, into Rome, then onto Egypt and northward. Named after the first known victim, the Christian bishop of Carthage, the Cyprian plague entailed diarrhea, vomiting, throat ulcers, fever and gangrenous hands and feet.Ĭity dwellers fled to the country to escape infection but instead spread the disease further. This plague continued until about 180 A.D., claiming Emperor Marcus Aurelius as one of its victims. Symptoms included fever, sore throat, diarrhea and, if the patient lived long enough, pus-filled sores. The Huns then infected the Germans, who passed it to the Romans and then returning troops spread it throughout the Roman empire. The Antonine plague was possibly an early appearance of smallpox that began with the Huns. The disease, suspected to have been typhoid fever, weakened the Athenians significantly and was a significant factor in their defeat by the Spartans. The symptoms included fever, thirst, bloody throat and tongue, red skin and lesions. As much as two-thirds of the population died. After the disease passed through Libya, Ethiopia and Egypt, it crossed the Athenian walls as the Spartans laid siege.
The earliest recorded pandemic happened during the Peloponnesian War. See a timeline below of pandemics that, in ravaging human populations, changed history. The more civilized humans became, building cities and forging trade routes to connect with other cities, and waging wars with them, the more likely pandemics became. READ MORE: See all pandemic coverage here.
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